Debt and the international context in the South and in the North from 2000 to 2014
by Eric Toussaint
This article reviews a number of developments that occurred between 2000 and 2014 related to the debt issue, various aspects of the international crisis |1|, international financial institutions, the scope of attacks against social and economic rights, and CADTM priorities.
Several changes have occurred since the end of the 1990s.
1. Several countries in the South have moved away from neoliberal policies
After over twenty years of neoliberal policies and multiple forms of resistance, towards the end of the 1990s and at the beginning of the new millennium, several Latin American nations disposed of their neoliberal presidents thanks to massive social mobilisations and elected heads of state who implemented policies that meet the people’s interests. The people of those countries wanted to free themselves from measures derived from the ‘Washington consensus,’ as imposed by the IMF and the World Bank (privatisations, cuts in public services, ‘liberalisation’ of trade that deprives small local producers of any protection, enforced commodification, destruction of decent jobs, cancellation of subsidies for food staples and services such as water, electricity, gas, and transport). These policies were implemented on the pretence of repaying their public debts, much of which was illegitimate or illegal, as was the case in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia… |2| Ecuador’s government took a remarkable initiative in 2007-2008 when it carried out a complete audit of its debt with the active participation of representatives from social movements |3|. On the basis of this audit, it then suspended repayment of the part of the external debt identified as illegitimate, and imposed a significant reduction of the debt to its creditors |4|. This made it possible to increase social spending. Unfortunately, this initiative did not snowball as had been hoped, since other countries in the area did not follow suit.
Review: Insurgency Trap: Labor Politics in Postsocialist China, by Eli Friedman. Cornell University Press/ILR Press, 2014 [1].
The national demonstration in Brussels, the beginning of the plan of action of the common trade union against the Michel 1 plans (and the cuts at the regional level) was a huge success. With 120,000 participants, all expectations were broadly met. Contrary to what was feared at one time, the mobilization was a great success in Flanders also: there were thus 20,000 participants from the province of Antwerp, close to 9,000 from Eastern Flanders and so on. The fear created by some that the CSC and the liberal CGSLB union would only mobilize verbally also proved unfounded.
On Sunday November 10 Saleh Muslim Mohamed, co-president of the Democratic Union Party (PYD) representing the independent communities of Rojava (Syrian-Kurdistan) and its armed wings, the People’s Defense Unit (YPG) and Women’s Defense Unity (YPJ), visited the Netherlands. Muslim spoke about the fight of Rojava against the Islamic State (ISIS) and the development of democratic autonomy during the Rojava revolution. Artist Jonas Staal interviewed him afterwards.
El acontecimiento vivido en Catalunya este domingo ha sido un ejercicio de participación democrática y de desobediencia masiva, alegre y festiva, frente a un Estado y un gobierno que, como ha escrito Suso de Toro, han hecho el ridículo ante el mundo anunciando, primero, que la consulta no se iba a celebrar y, luego, ante el hecho consumado, que era “antidemocrática, inútil y estéril”. Un ridículo que puede ser mayor si, respondiendo a la presión electoralista de UPyD, se les ocurre recurrir al Código Penal para criminalizar a los promotores.
Le Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC) vient de rendre public le rapport de synthèse de son 5e rapport d’évaluation et le résumé à l’intention des décideurs [1]. Le diagnostic est sans surprise :
Han pasado meses, semanas, días en los que la consulta soberanista ha sido tema central de debate. ¿Habrá consulta o no la habrá? ¿9N sí o no? ¿Legalidad o legitimidad? ¿Unidad de los partidos proconsulta o ruptura? ¿Permiso o prohibición? ¿Aceptación o desobediencia? ¿Nuevo 9N? ¿Consulta o proceso participativo? La ilusión pero también un cierto hartazgo de tanta incertidumbre han marcado las semanas previas al gran día, ese que parecía imposible e inalcanzable pero que finalmente ya está aquí. El 9N ha llegado.
Do the rich and poor eat the same? Do our incomes determine our diet? Today, who is overweight? Although often, and from certain quarters, the call for healthy and wholesome food is viewed with disdain, as “a fad” “posh”, “hippy” or “flower power” the reality is rather different than these short-sighted comments imply. To defend ecological, local, peasant food is most “revolutionary”.
Against the banning of the consultation of 9 November:
The Catalan people have proven to the world that they are ready to take the reins of their own destiny.
Après la guerre sanglante importée qui a divisé la classe ouvrière bosniaque, le nouveau pouvoir sous protectorat international a promis aux travailleurs le « paradis suédois », mais il les a plongés dans l' « enfer grecque » : il n'y a plus de travail ni pour les vieux, ni pour les jeunes, il n'y a plus d'accès libre et gratuit aux soins médicaux, il n'y a plus d'école laïque et gratuite, il n'y a plus de droit de vote pour ceux à qui l'administration tarde à fournir la nouvelle carte d'identité... Pas plus que de poursuite des criminels de guerre et de soutien aux combattants et victimes de guerre.
Alors que l’Espagne vit une crise humanitaire sans précédent, le mouvement social subit une répression constante d’un régime qui a peur du changement et protège ses intérêts. Le bipartisme qui s’alterne au pouvoir depuis la fin de la dictature est fort affaibli par une succession de luttes sociales victorieuses et l’irruption d’initiatives populaires qui mettent en pratique de nouvelles façons de faire de la politique. A n’en pas douter, l’Espagne entre dans une phase de mobilisation qui augure de possibles changements politiques importants.
The Argentine parliament has just passed legislation for launching a debt audit commission. It will look into the debts contracted by the country since the military junta took over in 1976. The Commission, which is yet to take off, is supposed to submit its report within 180 days. The audit can genuinely serve the interest of the people. Thus, CADTM urges the Argentine government to follow the example of Ecuador which set up a commission in 2007 for an audit of the debt incurred between 1976 and 2006.
ISIS launched a major multi-front military campaign against the Kurdish region of Kobanê in northern Syria. This is the third ISIS onslaught on Kobanê since March 2014. As the ISIS was unsuccessful on the two previous occasions, they are attacking with larger forces and want to take Kobanê.
The United States is once more experiencing the reality of this old Jewish saying. Supporting the most fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan in the hope of putting and end to Soviet influence, finding itself a few years later confronted with a total war against al-Qaida and its cloudy international, and whose result will be far from being a victory. In the background is the, always mistaken, idea that the enemies of my enemies are my friends. Back in the 1930s, the "democratic" countries thought that Hitler could be an ally against the communist danger. We know what happened then...
Le « prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en l'honneur d'Alfred Nobel », improprement appelé prix Nobel d'économie, vient d'être attribué au français Jean Tirole. Alors qu'un déluge de commentaires élogieux en forme de « cocoricos » se propage dans les médias, Attac déplore ce choix qui s'inscrit dans la lignée des prix attribués à Hayek, Friedman et autres économistes néolibéraux en grande partie responsables de la crise actuelle.